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滑動式測斜儀RDM

在岩土工程監測項目中，土體深部水平位移監測是一項非常重要的監測指標。作爲該項指標的常用測量儀器，滑動式測斜儀被廣泛地應用于基坑、邊坡、大壩、水庫、橋梁等工程監測項目中，爲工程結構的安全穩定分析提供了重要依據。

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一、滑動式測斜儀用途

華思滑動式測斜儀，又稱人工測斜儀，釆用MEMS重力加速度傳感器作爲敏感元件，測量精度高，廣泛用于觀測土石壩、堤防、建築地基，礦井，基坑開挖、岩土邊坡等方面土體及樁體內部的水平位移變化，是一款工程施工監測必配的精密測量儀器，它對控制工程的安全性及穩定性發揮著重要的作用。

圖1：滑動式測斜儀

二、滑動式測斜儀特點

★采用高精度的MEMS重力加速度傳感器，測量精度高；

★測量數據自動存儲記錄，存儲容量大；

★采用高強度電纜，經久耐用；

★手提箱式設計，外業測量省時省力；

★自主研發的釆集軟件，能自定義數據格式輸出報表；

★數據采集簡便，時效性高；

★豐富的雲平台功能，支持數據一鍵上傳、備份、下載、查看分析、導出報表；

三、滑動式測斜儀參數指標

滑動測斜儀的技術參數指標，詳見表中參數指標。

測量範圍	±30°
測量精度	優于±0.025%FS
系統精度	優于±2mm/32m
供電方式	線盤內置電池
滑輪間距	0.5m
測頭直徑	28mm
測頭長度	695mm
測頭重量	1.73kg
工作溫度	-40～70℃
線纜直徑	7.5mm
線纜規格	30m、50m、100m
線纜抗拉	5.9kN
線纜加固	凱夫拉纖維
線纜材料	聚氨酯纖維
抗震性	50000g
采集方式	平板電腦(安卓App采集)
測頭/電纜防水	≥3MPa(相當于水下300米水深)

四、滑動式測斜儀工作原理

滑动式測斜儀，即人工測斜儀，对工程结构物的深部水平位移监测是通过对与结构物紧紧连接在一起的测斜管的监测来实现的。测斜管通常安装在穿过不稳定土层至下部稳定地层的垂直钻孔内,測斜儀通过探头,控制线缆,滑轮装置和数据采集软件来观测测斜管的变形。第一次观测可以建立起测斜管位移的初始断面。其后的观测会显示当地面发生运动时断面位移的变化。观测时,探头从测斜管底部向顶部移动,在0.5m/1m处暂停并进行测量工作。

滑动式測斜儀的工作原理如图所示。当測斜儀在测斜管内自下而上滑动测量时，探头内的传感器敏感地反映出测斜管在每一段深度 L 处的倾斜角度变化，进而根据倾斜角求出不同高度处的水平位移增量，即𝑑𝑖 = 𝐿 sin 𝜃𝑖，由测斜管底部测点开始逐渐累加，可得任意高程处的水平位移，即：𝑆𝑗 = ∑ 𝑑𝑖 𝑗𝑖=1 式中：𝑑𝑖为第 i 测量段的水平位移增量；𝜃𝑖为第 i 测量段管轴线与铅垂线的夹角；𝑆𝑗为测斜管底端固定点（i=0）以上 i=j 的位移。

在測斜儀觀測時爲了消除和減少儀器裝備的誤差,應在位移的正方向及探頭調轉180度的方向(A+/A-方向)各測一次數,取正反兩方向的代數;平均值作爲觀測值。

五、滑動式測斜儀硬件系統

人工測斜儀硬件系統主要由測斜探頭、控制電纜、藍牙線盤、采集平板等組成，出廠配置時還會配有一些必備的配件和便攜式設備箱。本章主要從的標准配件構成和各主要部件的基本用法進行介紹。

下圖列出了測斜儀標准配件，采集平板可根據客戶需求來決定是否配置。

圖2：滑動式測斜儀硬件系統

1、滑動式測斜儀主要部件介紹

本節對人工測斜儀系統中的主要工作部件進行詳細介紹。通過本節的闡述用戶可以清楚的了解人工測斜儀每個部分的構成以及具體用途。

1.1、滑動式測斜儀探頭

人工測斜儀探頭采用的是標准米制單位，探頭整體長度爲0.74m，探頭上下導輪間距爲0.5m。實際使用過程中，參與計算的部分只有上下導輪間的0.5m，其余部分只是爲了將探頭固定在測斜管內並方便測量。如圖3所示，整個探頭由底部緩沖墊、底端滑輪組、MEMS加速度外殼、頂端滑輪組、電纜連接頭組成。我們將電纜連接的一端定義爲探頭的頂端。

圖3：滑動式測斜儀探頭

探頭的電纜接線端標有A+符號，用以指明測量的方向（A+方向），探頭的上下滑輪組所在平面的方向與A方向保持一致。在實際工作過程中我們將需要測量的方向（即有變形趨勢如垮塌、滑坡的方向）定義爲A+方向，與A方向垂直的方向定義爲B方向。探頭內有2個傾斜傳感器，A軸傳感器測量滑輪平面內的傾斜，B軸傳感器測量與滑輪垂直平面的傾斜。如圖4所示，展示的是由測斜儀接線端俯視探頭所標識的A、B方向。

圖4：探頭MARK線標識

探頭的接線端爲6芯公口線頭，用來和藍牙線盤上的線纜進行連接。接線頭處采用三層防水螺紋設計，同時保證了接頭處的線纜承重和防水。

1.2、滑動式測斜儀控制線纜

控制線纜的主要作用是在測量時限定探頭能達到的最大深度，同時爲探頭供電，並將測量的數據回傳到藍牙線盤上,如圖5所示。控制線纜上每隔0.5m有一個刻度，第一個刻度距離探頭頂輪0.5m，在每個刻度的標識處用加固的金屬圈進行固定，方便采集時測斜儀的固定。在線纜的接線處爲6芯母口接頭，用來和探頭連接。

1.3、滑動式測斜儀藍牙傳輸線盤

藍牙線盤和控制線纜連接在一起爲控制線纜和探頭供電，數據采集平板電腦通過藍牙和線盤配對，向線盤發送控制指令並獲取探頭反饋的數據。線盤帶有10080mAh的內置電池，可連續工作10小時，待機(電源燈常亮，藍牙燈閃爍)約爲20天左右。線盤的正面控制面板帶有一個電源開關按鈕以及三個指示燈。

圖5：滑動式測斜儀線盤

六、滑動式測斜儀軟件介紹

滑動測斜儀配合的數據采集軟件是一款功能強大的軟件，軟件運行平台爲安卓平台，可以安裝在市場上所有的安卓設備中。除了具有操作界面簡單、數據采集快捷的特點外更能支持自定義數據報表輸出格式。現場采集的數據還可以通過網絡回傳到服務器，通過藍牙分享到其它設備。

圖6：滑動式測斜儀軟件界面

人工測斜儀软件分为首頁应用界面和控制界面。应用界面的主要功能为蓝牙连接、数据采集、数据展示、数据传输、结果导出。控制界面(如图9所示)则主要是对软件平台账号，测量控制进行设置以及软件版本在线更新等功能。

七、滑動式測斜儀使用現場

圖7：滑動式測斜儀工作現場

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